Day: March 10, 2021

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Antibacterial activity of chalcones, hydrazones and oxadiazoles against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The increase in antibiotic resistance due to multiple factors has encouraged the search for new compounds which are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this context, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, hydrazones and oxadiazoles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, which were obtained from clinical laboratories and were characterized as MRSA using traditional and molecular methods. Among 65 tested compounds, two chalcones, one dihydrochalcone and two hydrazones were active against MRSA. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration and cytotoxicity, hydrazones provided a better selectivity index than chalcones. Active hydrazones are promising antibiotic-like substances and they should be the subject of further microbiological studies.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N227 | ChemSpider

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-3-methylquinoxaline, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time.In a article, mentioned the application of 32601-86-8, Name is 2-Chloro-3-methylquinoxaline, molecular formula is C9H7ClN2

Facile and efficient regioselective synthesis of 1-(3?-substituted quinoxalin-2?-yl)-3-aryl/heteroaryl-5-methylpyrazoles

This report describes an efficient and practical approach for regioselective synthesis of 1-(3?-substituted quinoxalin-2?-yl)-3- aryl/heteroaryl-5-methylpyrazoles (3a-j). Reaction of 2-chloro-3-substituted quinoxalines (1) with 3(5)-methyl-5(3)-aryl-1H-pyrazoles (2) in the presence of sodium hydride furnished the title compounds in excellent yields with good levels of regioselectivity. The present protocol is superior to the existing method, which yielded a mixture of regioisomeric pyrazoles (I, II) and triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (III). Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher’s online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N1008 | ChemSpider

In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. Product Details of 2213-63-0, At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 2213-63-0, name is 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 2213-63-0

A family of molecular nickel hydrogen evolution catalysts providing tunable overpotentials using ligand-centered proton-coupled electron transfer paths

Two new nickel dithiolate derivatives have been examined for their electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in attempts to clarify whether the overpotential for the HER can be tuned upon varying the ligand-centered reduction potential that triggers the HER by the catalysts. We demonstrate the validity of this approach to achieve desirable tunability in the overpotential for the HER.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N1242 | ChemSpider

Electric Literature of 2213-63-0, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Patent, and a compound is mentioned, 2213-63-0, 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline, introducing its new discovery.

Quinoxalinones

The invention features quinoxalinones, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of using them to treat, for example, diabetes.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N1135 | ChemSpider

Application of 6344-72-5, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.6344-72-5, Name is 6-Methylquinoxaline, molecular formula is C9H8N2. In a Review£¬once mentioned of 6344-72-5

Recent Advances in the Development of Organic and Organometallic Redox Shuttles for Lithium-Ion Redox Flow Batteries

In recent years, redox flow batteries (RFBs) and derivatives have attracted wide attention from academia to the industrial world because of their ability to accelerate large-grid energy storage. Although vanadium-based RFBs are commercially available, they possess a low energy and power density, which might limit their use on an industrial scale. Therefore, there is scope to improve the performance of RFBs, and this is still an open field for research and development. Herein, a combination between a conventional Li-ion battery and a redox flow battery results in a significant improvement in terms of energy and power density alongside better safety and lower cost. Currently, Li-ion redox flow batteries are becoming a well-established subdomain in the field of flow batteries. Accordingly, the design of novel redox mediators with controllable physical chemical characteristics is crucial for the application of this technology to industrial applications. This Review summarizes the recent works devoted to the development of novel redox mediators in Li-ion redox flow batteries.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N35 | ChemSpider

18514-76-6, Name is 5-Nitroquinoxaline, belongs to quinoxaline compound, is a common compound. COA of Formula: C8H5N3O2In an article, once mentioned the new application about 18514-76-6.

Indium-HI-mediated one-pot reaction of 1-(2-arylethynyl)-2-nitroarenes to 2-arylindoles

While 1-(2-arylethynyl)-2-nitroarenes were reduced to 2-(2-arylethynyl)anilines in the presence of indium and InCl3 in THF/H2O (v/v = 5/1) at 50 C, 1-(2-arylethynyl)-2-nitroarenes were reductively cyclized to 2-arylindoles with good yields in the presence of indium and aqueous HI in benzene.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N864 | ChemSpider

Electric Literature of 1448-87-9, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.1448-87-9, Name is 2-Chloroquinoxaline, molecular formula is C8H5ClN2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 1448-87-9

New chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anion detection: Formation of a [2 + 2] supramolecular complex on addition of fluoride with positive homotropic cooperativity

(Figure Presented) Two new chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anions have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These probes contain multiple hydrogen bonding donors including hydrazine, hydrazone, and hydroxyl functional groups for potential anion interacting sites. Despite the possible flexible structural framework due to the presence of sp3 carbon linkage, X-ray structure analysis of probe 2 displayed an essentially planar conformation in the solid state owing to strong crystal packing interactions comprising a combination of favorable pi-pi stacking effect and hydrogen bonding to cocrystallized CH3OH molecules. Both probes 1 and 2 display orange color in DMSO solution and show fairly weak fluorescence at room temperature. Binding studies revealed that both probes 1 and 2 show noticeable colorimetric and fluorescent responses only to F-, OAc-, and H2PO4- among the nine anions tested (F -, Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, ClO 4-, and NO3-). The general trend of the sensitivity to anions follows the order of F- > OAc – > H2PO4- > Cl- > Br- ? I- ? HSO4- ? ClO4- ? NO3-. A 1:2 (probe to anion) binding stoichiometry was found for probe 1 with OAc- and H2PO4- and probe 2 with F-, OAc -, and H2PO4-. The binding isotherm of probe 1 to F- was found to be complicated with apparent multiple equilibria occurring in solution. The formation of an aggregated supramolecular complex upon addition of fluoride is proposed to rationalize the observed optical responses and is supported by ESI mass spectrometry and pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy. Data analysis suggests that the binding of probe 1 to F- shows positive homotropic cooperativity.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N549 | ChemSpider

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments. name: 2-Chloro-7-nitroquinoxaline. Introducing a new discovery about 55686-94-7, Name is 2-Chloro-7-nitroquinoxaline

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of analogues of the antitumor agent, 2-{4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propionic acid (XK469)

2-{4-[(7-Chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propionic acid (XK469) is among the most highly and broadly active antitumor agents to have been evaluated in our laboratories and is currently scheduled to enter clinical trials in 2001. The mechanism or mechanisms of action of XK469 remain to be elaborated. Accordingly, an effort was initiated to establish a pharmacophore hypothesis to delineate the requirements of the active site, via a comprehensive program of synthesis of analogues of XK469 and evaluation of the effects of structural modification(s) on solid tumor activity. The strategy formulated chose to dissect the two-dimensional parent structure into three regions – I, ring A of quinoxaline; II, the hydroquinone connector linkage; and III, the lactic acid moiety – to determine the resultant in vitro and in vivo effects of chemical alterations in each region. Neither the A-ring unsubstituted nor the B-ring 3-chloro-regioisomer of XK469 showed antitumor activity. The modulating antitumor effect(s) of substituents of differing electronegativities, located at the several sites comprising the A-ring of region I, were next ascertained. Thus, a halogen substituent, located at the 7-position of a 2-{4-[(2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propionic acid, generated the most highly and broadly active antitumor agents. A methyl, methoxy, or an azido substituent at this site generated a much less active structure, whereas 5-, 6-, 8-chloro-, 6-, 7-nitro, and 7-amino derivatives all proved to be essentially inactive. When the connector linkage (region II) of 1 was changed from that of a hydroquinone to either a resorcinol or a catechol derivative, all antitumor activity was lost. Of the carboxylic acid derivatives of XK469 (region III), i.e., CONH2, CONHCH3, CON(CH3)2, CONHOH, CONHNH2, CN, or CN4H (tetrazole), only the monomethyl- and N,N-dimethylamides proved to be active.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N1735 | ChemSpider

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, SDS of cas: 55686-94-7, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time.In a article, mentioned the application of 55686-94-7, Name is 2-Chloro-7-nitroquinoxaline, molecular formula is C8H4ClN3O2

Quinoxaline chemistry. Part 4. 2-(R)-anilinoquinoxalines as nonclassical antifolate agents. Synthesis, structure elucidation and evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity

Thirty-five quinoxalines bearing a substituted amiline group on position 2 and various substituents on positions 3, 6, 7 and 8 were prepared in order to evaluate in vitro anticancer activity. Structural elucidation of some isomeric quinoxalinones formed by ring closure of 4-substituted-1,2-diaminobenzenes with dicarbonyl compounds was achieved by comparison with one isomer coming from an unambiguous independent route. Preliminary in vitro screening at NCI showed that many compounds exhibited a moderate to strong growth inhibition activity on various cell lines between 10-5 and 10-4 molar concentrations.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N1738 | ChemSpider

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments. SDS of cas: 15804-19-0. Introducing a new discovery about 15804-19-0, Name is Quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione

Kynurenic acid derivatives. Structure-activity relationships for excitatory amino acid antagonism and identification of potent and selective antagonists at the glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

Derivatives of the nonselective excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid (4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid, 1) have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antagonist activity at the excitatory amino acid receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), quisqualic acid (QUIS or AMPA), and kainic acid (KA). Introduction of substituents at the 5-, 7-, and 5,7-positions resulted in analogues having selective NMDA antagonist action, as a result of blockade of the glycine modulatory (or coagonist) site on the NMDA receptor. Regression analysis suggested a requirement for optimally sized, hydrophobic 5- and 7-substituents, with bulk tolerance being greater at the 5-position. Optimization led to the 5-iodo-7-chloro derivative (53), which is the most potent and selective glycine/NMDA antagonist to date (IC50 vs [3H]glycine binding, 32 nM; IC50’s for other excitatory amino acid receptor sites, >100 muM). Substitution of 1 at the 6-position resulted in compounds having selective non-NMDA antagonism and 8-substituted compounds were inactive at all receptors. The retention of glycine/NMDA antagonist activity in heterocyclic ring modified analogues, such as the oxanilide 69 and the 2-carboxybenzimidazole 70, suggests that the 4-oxo tautomer of 1 and its derivatives is required for activity. Structurally related quinoxaline-2,3-diones are also glycine/NMDA antagonists, but are not selective and are less potent than the 1 derivatives, and additionally show different structure-activity requirements for aromatic ring substitution. On the basis of these results, a model accounting for glycine receptor binding of the 1 derived antagonists is proposed, comprising (a) size-limited, hydrophobic binding of the benzene ring, (b) hydrogen-bond acceptance by the 4-oxo group, (c) hydrogen-bond donation by the 1-amino group, and (d) a Coulombic attraction of the 2-carboxylate. The model can also account for the binding of quinoxaline-2,3-diones, quinoxalic acids, and 2-carboxybenzimidazoles.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N351 | ChemSpider