Peroxiredoxin 6 is the primary antioxidant enzyme for the maintenance of viability and DNA integrity in human spermatozoa was written by Fernandez, Maria C.;O’flaherty, Cristian. And the article was included in Human Reproduction in 2018.Synthetic Route of C10H8Br2N2O2 This article mentions the following:
Are all components of the peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) system important to control the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain viability and DNA integrity in spermatozoa. The answer is PRDX6 is the primary player of the PRDXs system for maintaining viability and DNA integrity in human spermatozoa. It is known that mammalian spermatozoa are sensitive to high levels of ROS and PRDXs are antioxidant enzymes proven to control the levels of ROS generated during sperm capacitation to avoid oxidative damage in the spermatozoon. Low amounts of PRDXs are associated with male infertility. The absence of PRDX6 promotes sperm oxidative damage and infertility in mice. Semen samples were obtained over a period of one year from a cohort of 20 healthy nonsmoking volunteers aged 22-30 years old. Sperm from healthy donors was incubated for 2 h in the absence or presence of inhibitors for the 2-Cys PRDXs system (peroxidase, reactivation system and NADPH-enzymes suppliers) or the 1-Cys PRDX system (peroxidase and calcium independent-phospholipase A2 (Ca2+-iPLA2) activity). Sperm viability, DNA oxidation, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and 4-hydroxynonenal production were determined by flow cytometry. We observed a significant decrease in viable cells due to inhibitors of the 2-Cys PRDXs, PRDX6 Ca2+-iPLA2 activity or the PRDX reactivation system compared to controls (P 鈮?0.05). PRDX6 Ca2+-iPLA2 activity inhibition had the strongest detrimental effect on sperm viability and DNA oxidation compared to controls (P 鈮?0.05). The 2-Cys PRDXs did not compensate for the inhibition of PRDX6 peroxidase and Ca2+-iPLA2 activities. LARGE SCALE DATA: Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Players of the reactivation systems may differ among mammalian species. The wider implications and findings are that the Ca2+-iPLA2 activity of PRDX6 is the most important and first line of defense against oxidative stress in human spermatozoa. Peroxynitrite is scavenged mainly by the PRDX6 peroxidase activity. These findings can help to design new diagnostic tools and therapies for male infertility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (cas: 18080-67-6Synthetic Route of C10H8Br2N2O2).
2,3-Bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (cas: 18080-67-6) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson鈥檚, and Alzheimer鈥檚 diseases. Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas.Synthetic Route of C10H8Br2N2O2
Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider