Day: February 22, 2023

Photoredox-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Minisci C-H Formylation of N-Heteroarenes was written by Dong, Jianyang;Wang, Xiaochen;Song, Hongjian;Liu, Yuxiu;Wang, Qingmin. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A protocol for redox-neutral Minisci C-H formylation of N-heteroarenes using 1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl 2,2-diethoxyacetate as a formyl equivalent at room temp was reported. This scalable benchtop protocol offered a distinct advantage over traditional reductive carbonylation and Minisci C-H formylation methods in not requiring the use of carbon monoxide, pressurized gas, a stoichiometric reductant, or a stoichiometric oxidant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 49568-68-5Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde).

3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 49568-68-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson鈥檚, and Alzheimer鈥檚 diseases. Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics such as echinomycin, levomycin exhibiting antitumoral properties. Quinoxalines establish also the basis of anthelmintics and receptor antagonists.Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Quinoxaline N-oxides. II. 3-Phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile was written by Hayashi, Eisaku;Iijima, Chihoko. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1964.COA of Formula: C10H10N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Various reactions of 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile (I) were reported. I (300 mg.) in 20 ml. Me₂CO was kept overnight with 4 ml. 31% H₂O₂ and 10 ml. 10% K₂CO₃ to give 300 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide, m. 198-9掳 (Me₂CO). I (500 mg.) in 15 ml. AcOH was heated with 2 ml. 35% H₂O₂ to give 430 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 4-oxide (II) [pale yellow, m. 183-4掳 (petr. ether)] and 70 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide 1-oxide (III), m. 277掳 (decomposition) (MeOH). A solution of 700 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide in 5 ml. AcOEt was refluxed 3 hrs. with 560 mg. SeO₂ to give 520 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide (IV), orange, m. 175-6掳 (C₆H₆). Refluxing 500 mg. IV in 5 ml. MeOH with 180 mg. NH₂OH.HCl, 230 mg. AcONa, and 4 ml. H₂O 10 min. gave 500 mg. 2-hydroxyimino-3-phenylquinoxaline 1-oxide (V), pale yellow, m. 210-11掳 (decomposition) (MeOH). Heating 200 mg. V with 1 ml. Ac₂O 30 min. at 100掳 gave 170 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile 1-oxide (VI), yellow, m. 200.5掳 (C₆H₆-petr. ether). A solution of 50 mg. VI in 8 ml. Me₂CO was heated with 1 ml. 35% H₂O₂ and 1.5 ml. 10% K₂CO₃ to give III; monohydrate m. 236掳 (MeOH). A solution of 150 mg. II in 8 ml. Me₂CO was kept with 1 ml. 35% H₂O₂ and 3 ml. 10% K₂CO₃ 1 hr. to give 150 mg. 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide 4-oxide, m. 223-4掳 (MeOH). Reaction of I with monoperphthalic acid gave a mixture of II, III, and 3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide (VII). Heating 100 mg. I with 1 ml. concentrated H₂SO₄ gave 90 mg. VII. Refluxing 200 mg. I with 8 ml. 10% NaOH 2 hrs. gave 60 mg. 3-phenyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (VIII) [pale yellow, m. 247掳 (MeOH)] and 10 mg. VII. Reaction of I with NaOMe gave VIII and 2-methoxy-3-phenylquinoxaline (oil). Refluxing 500 mg. I in a mixture of C₆H₆ and Et₂O with PhMgBr gave 2-benzoyl-3-phenylquinoxaline (IX) [yellow, m. 152掳 (MeOH)] and 1-phenyl-1-(3-phenyl-2-quinoxalinyl)methylenimine (X) [yellow, m. 137掳 (MeOH)]. Hydrolysis of X with HCl-gave IX. Refluxing I with MeMgBr gave 2-acetyl-3-phenylquinoxaline [pale yellow, m. 110掳 (MeOH)]; no corresponding ketimine was obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxyquinoxaline (cas: 6333-43-3COA of Formula: C10H10N2O2).

2,3-Dimethoxyquinoxaline (cas: 6333-43-3) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines are important class of heterocyclic compounds, associated with wider pharmacological applications. Quinoxalines are used in the treatment of bacterial, cancer, and HIV infections. Moreover, varenicline, a clinical drug is used for treating nicotine addiction, also contains quinoxaline moiety.COA of Formula: C10H10N2O2

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Condensed and coupled quinoxalines. V. Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxalines was written by Romanenko, V. D.;Burmistrov, S. I.. And the article was included in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii in 1973.Recommanded Product: 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Pyrazoloquinoxaline (I; R = H) was prepared in 71% yield by boiling quinoxalinecarboxaldehyde (II) with N2H4.H2O in EtOH. Cyclization of III by boiling in AcOH yielded 68% I (R = Ph). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 49568-68-5Recommanded Product: 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde).

3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 49568-68-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson鈥檚, and Alzheimer鈥檚 diseases. Quinoxaline and its analogues may also be formed by reduction of amino acids substituted 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB),One study used 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as a catalyst in the reaction of benzil with 1,2-diaminobenzene.Recommanded Product: 3-Chloroquinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Brimonidine-montmorillonite hybrid formulation for topical drug delivery to the eye was written by Park, Chun Gwon;Choi, Goeun;Kim, Myung Hun;Kim, Se-Na;Lee, Hanna;Lee, Na Kyeong;Choy, Young Bin;Choy, Jin-Ho. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2020.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate This article mentions the following:

Brimonidine (BMD) is often prescribed as an eye drop to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) for glaucoma treatment. However, eye drops are limited by rapid clearance from the preocular surface, and hence a low ocular drug bioavailability. Therefore, in this study, we propose montmorillonite (MMT), as a delivery carrier, hybridized with BMD (BMD-MMT) for topical drug delivery to the eye. The BMD-MMT hybrid was prepared by intercalating the BMD mols. in the interlayer space of the MMT lattice via ion-exchange reaction; it was then formulated with polyvinyl alc. (PVA) to produce a dry tablet (i.e., BMD-MMT@PVA). The BMD-MMT@PVA hybrid drug released BMD in a sustained manner for more than 5 h under in vitro conditions. When the hybrid drug was administered to rabbit eyes in vivo, 43% and 18.5% BMD-MMT still remained on the preocular surface for 10 and 60 min after administration, resp. Thus, the BMD-MMT@PVA hybrid drug exhibited a prolonged decrease in IOP, i.e., for 12 h, which was approx. two times longer than that observed with the com. available BMD eye drop, Alphagan P. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson鈥檚, and Alzheimer鈥檚 diseases. The parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, results when glyoxal is condensed with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Substituted derivatives arise when 伪-ketonic acids, 伪-chlorketones, 伪-aldehyde alcohols and 伪-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Metal-free regioselective nitration of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with tert-butyl nitrite was written by Li, Yi-Na;Li, Xue-Lin;Wu, Jin-Bo;Jiang, Hong;Liu, Yunmei;Guo, Yu;Zeng, Yao-Fu;Wang, Zhen. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H6N2O This article mentions the following:

A metal-free coupling of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with tert-Bu nitrite has been developed. Distinctly from the previous functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, this nitration reaction took place selectively at the C7 or C5 position of the Ph ring, affording a series of 7-nitro and 5-nitro quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction may involve a radical process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2Synthetic Route of C8H6N2O).

2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including as well as for RNA synthesis inhibition, reactive dyes and pigments, azo dyes, flurox Cylin Dyes, Corrosion Inhibitors and Photovoltaic Polymers. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Synthetic Route of C8H6N2O

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Periocular allergic contact dermatitis caused by brinzolamide was written by Navarro-Trivino, Francisco J.;Ruiz-Villaverde, Ricardo. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2021.Category: quinoxaline This article mentions the following:

A 52-yr-old woman was referred to our Contact Eczema Department with right-sided, chronic, periocular eczema that had developed over the past 12 mo. Ocular contact dermatitis caused by brinzolamide was diagnosed. ACD can involve the eyelids and/or conjunctiva, associated, or not, with chronic conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. Patch testing is the standard method for diagnosis of periocular ACD. It is recommended to test the ophthalmic medication (active ingredient) in addition to the excipients (mainly the preservatives). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5Category: quinoxaline).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinazoline, phthalazine and cinnoline. The antitumoral properties of quinoxaline compounds have been of interest. Recently, quinoxaline and its analogs have been investigated as the catalyst’s ligands.Category: quinoxaline

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Ferrous-activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation of antimicrobial agent sulfaquinoxaline and structurally related compounds in aqueous solution: kinetics, products, and transformation pathways was written by Ji, Yuefei;Wang, Lu;Jiang, Mengdi;Yang, Yan;Yang, Peizeng;Lu, Junhe;Ferronato, Corinne;Chovelon, Jean-Marc. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2017.Computed Properties of C8H7N3 This article mentions the following:

Sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) is a coccidiostatic drug widely used in poultry and swine production and has been frequently detected in various environmental compartments such as surface water, groundwater, soils, and sediments. In the present study, degradation of SQX by ferrous ion-activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation process (Fe(II)/PMS), a promising in situ chem. oxidation (ISCO) technique, was systematically investigated. Exptl. results showed that Fe(II)/PMS process appeared to be more efficient for SQX removal relative to Fe(II)/persulfate process (Fe(II)/PS). An optimal Fe(II):PMS molar ratio of 1:1 was found to be necessary for efficient removal of SQX. Increasing the solution pH hampered the degradation of SQX, and no enhancement in SQX degradation was observed when chelating agents S,S鈥?ethylenediamine-N,N鈥?disuccinic acid (EDDS) and citrate were present. The presence of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), as a representative of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), could inhibit the degradation of SQX. SQX was more susceptible to Fe(II)/PMS oxidation in comparison to its substructural analog 2-amino-quinoxaline (2-AQ) and other sulfonamides, i.e., sulfapyridine (SPD) and sulfadiazine (SDZ). Transformation products of SQX were enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and identified by liquid chromatog.-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). On the basis of the TPs identified, detailed reaction pathways for SQX degradation including sulfonamide bond cleavage, SO₂ extrusion, and aniline moiety oxidation were proposed. Our contribution may provide some useful information for better understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of SQX degradation by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Computed Properties of C8H7N3).

Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines are important class of heterocyclic compounds, associated with wider pharmacological applications. Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics such as echinomycin, levomycin exhibiting antitumoral properties. Quinoxalines establish also the basis of anthelmintics and receptor antagonists.Computed Properties of C8H7N3

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Understanding the Origin of Degradation of InP-Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes was written by Shin, Dong Hyun;Lampande, Raju;Kim, Su Jeong;Jung, Young Hun;Kwon, Jang Hyuk. And the article was included in Advanced Electronic Materials in 2022.Name: Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile This article mentions the following:

The origin of degradation of InP-QLED (quantum dot LED) is reported by comparing the stability of Cd-QDs and organic Bebq₂:Ir(mphmq)2(tmd) emissive layers (EMLs). The degradation causes of InP-QLED are checked by measuring the stability of hole and electron only devices (HOD and EOD) against hole/electron, exciton stress, and hole/electron-exciton stress conditions. The results show that the InP-QDs layer is more vulnerable to exciton and electron-exciton stress compared to the Cd-QDs and Bebq₂:Ir(mphmq)₂(tmd) due to the increase of surface defects in the InP-QDs after exciton and electron-exciton stress, which increases non-radiative Auger recombination process. However, InP-QDs are relatively less stable against electron and hole stress than the Cd-QDs and Bebq₂:Ir(mphmq)₂(tmd). To reduce the electron-exciton stress on the InP-QDs, an inverted red QLED with InP-QDs:DBTA EML is fabricated. The QLED with InP-QDs: hole transport layer (DBTA) shows a low driving voltage of 5.7 V, high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.2%, and longer lifetime (T50:557 h at 1000 cd m^-2) than the reference InP-QDs device (T₅₀: 29 h at 1000 cd m^-2). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4Name: Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson鈥檚, and Alzheimer鈥檚 diseases. Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas.Name: Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Lateral current suppression in tandem organic light-emitting diodes by adopting a buffer layer was written by Wang, Jiong;Zhang, Yaqi;Wang, Ruiting;Wang, Yangcheng;Zhang, Fangbo;Chen, Yuehua;Lou, Hui;Lai, Wenyong;Zhang, Xinwen;Huang, Wei. And the article was included in Organic Electronics in 2022.COA of Formula: C18N12 This article mentions the following:

For the tandem organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs) with the charge generation unit (CGU) of LiF/Al/MoO₃, there is a significant current lateral spreading causing light emission over an extremely large area outside the OLEDs pixel, due to the conductive interfacial layer caused by the oxidation-reduction reaction between Al and MoO₃ layers. To crack this nut, a buffer layer of 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) is inserted between Al and MoO₃ layers. The result shows the HAT-CN buffer layer eliminates the spread light emission in the TOLEDs. What’s more, the device characteristics show the new CGU of LiF/Al/HAT-CN/MoO₃ has stronger charge generation and injection capabilities. The white TOLEDs with the new CGU exhibit a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.4%. Compared with the single OLEDs and the TOLEDs with the CGU of LiF/Al/MoO₃, the efficiency is increased by 143% and 44%, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4COA of Formula: C18N12).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Condensed heterocycles of quinoxalines have become attractive targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant biological activities. Quinoxaline and its analogues may also be formed by reduction of amino acids substituted 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB),One study used 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as a catalyst in the reaction of benzil with 1,2-diaminobenzene.COA of Formula: C18N12

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Electrochemical Minisci reaction via HAT-driven 伪-C(sp³)-H functionalization of alcohols was written by Li, Heng;Tong, Jinwen;Zhu, Yan;Jiang, Cong;Liu, Ping;Sun, Peipei. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2022.Safety of 2-Quinoxalinol This article mentions the following:

An efficient electrochem. Minisci reaction to access 3-hydroxyalkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones involving hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) driven 伪-C(sp³)-H functionalization of alcs. was achieved. Transition metal- and chem. oxidant-free conditions were the attractive synthetic features. The hydrogen atom transfer agent was hydrazoic acid generated from TMSN₃ in this transformation. Primary or secondary alcs. and a wide range of quinoxalinones were found to be compatible, providing the corresponding 3-hydroxyalkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2Safety of 2-Quinoxalinol).

2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including as well as for RNA synthesis inhibition, reactive dyes and pigments, azo dyes, flurox Cylin Dyes, Corrosion Inhibitors and Photovoltaic Polymers. The antitumoral properties of quinoxaline compounds have been of interest. Recently, quinoxaline and its analogs have been investigated as the catalyst’s ligands.Safety of 2-Quinoxalinol

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider