Transformation of sulfaquinoxaline by chlorine and UV light in water: kinetics and by-product identification was written by Nassar, Rania;Mokh, Samia;Rifai, Ahmad;Chamas, Fatmeh;Hoteit, Maha;Al Iskandarani, Mohamad. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2018.Reference of 5424-05-5 This article mentions the following:
Sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) is an antimicrobial of the sulfonamide class, frequently detected at low levels in drinking and surface water as organic micropollutant. The main goal of the present study is the evaluation of SQX reactivity during chlorination and UV irradiations which are two processes mainly used in water treatment plants. The SQX transformation by chlorination and UV lights (254 nm) was investigated in purified water at common conditions used for water disinfection (pH = 7.2, temperature = 25°C, [chlorine] = 3 mg L-1). The result shows a slow degradation of SQX during photolysis compared with chlorination process. Kinetic studies that fitted a fluence-based first-order kinetic model were used to determine the kinetic constants of SQX degradation; they were equal to 0.7 × 10-4 and 0.7 × 10-2 s-1corresponding to the half time lives of 162 and 1.64 min during photolysis and chlorination, resp. In the second step, seven byproducts were generated during a chlorination and photo-transformation of SQX and identified using liquid chromatog. with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). SO2 extrusion and direct decomposition were the common degradation pathway during photolysis and chlorination. Hydroxylation and isomerization were observed during photodegradation only while electrophilic substitution was observed during chlorination process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Reference of 5424-05-5).
Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Compounds possessing quinoxaline derivatives were bestowed with a variety of significant biological properties such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer, DNA intercalation, DNA duplex stabilization, and many others. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Reference of 5424-05-5
Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider