Month: February 2023

Thianthrene-Based Bipolar Redox-Active Molecules Toward Symmetric All-Organic Batteries was written by Etkind, Samuel I.;Lopez, Jeffrey;Zhu, Yun Guang;Fang, Jen-Hung;Ong, Wen Jie;Shao-Horn, Yang;Swager, Timothy M.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H4Cl2N2 This article mentions the following:

Bipolar redox activity is generally obtained using a single moiety that can be both oxidized and reduced or by tethering two distinct redox active mols., together with a covalent linker. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative approach using the SNAr and SNAr-type reactions of benzene-1,2-dithiols and electron-deficient aromatic halides or halogenated quinones to prepare a family of compact, thianthrene-based bifunctional mols. The potential of these mols. as electrolytes for redox flow batteries was assessed in static cells as a proof of concept. Cycling in a static cell demonstrated that the thianthrene-quinone, PQtBuTH (8), is highly stable, compared to other sym. organic active materials, with 44% capacity retention over 450 cycles (16.7 days), and an initial energy d. of 1.3Wh/L at a concentration of 0.1 M. Redox flow batteries represent a promising grid-scale energy storage technol., and the development of new sym. electrolyte systems in organic solvents can potentially mitigate issues associated with membrane crossover and provide high cell voltages. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline (cas: 2213-63-0Synthetic Route of C8H4Cl2N2).

2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline (cas: 2213-63-0) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Condensed heterocycles of quinoxalines have become attractive targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant biological activities. Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas.Synthetic Route of C8H4Cl2N2

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Efficient synthesis of useful heterocycles via transition metal-catalyzed cascade processes was written by Tanimori, Shinji;Inaba, Ushio;Kato, Yoshihiro;Ura, Haruna;Kashiwagi, Hiroaki;Nishimura, Takeshi;Kirihata, Mitsunori. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2014.Electric Literature of C10H12N2O This article mentions the following:

This paper reports our recent results from synthesis of some useful heterocycles, for example oxazolidinones, indoles, and quinoxalinones, by transition metal-catalyzed cascade processes. The scope and limitations of these procedures and the reaction mechanism for formation of the heterocycles are also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,3-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (cas: 80636-30-2Electric Literature of C10H12N2O).

3,3-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (cas: 80636-30-2) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including antibacterial, antibiotic and antineoplastic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Electric Literature of C10H12N2O

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Thiono and dithio esters. 17. Reaction of dithionoxalic esters with amines was written by Hoppe, H.;Hartke, Klaus. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 1975.Electric Literature of C10H10N2O2 This article mentions the following:

ROC(S)C(S)OR (I, R = Me, Et) reacted with primary amines to give R1R2NC(S)C(S)NR1R2 (II, R1 and R2 = H, alkyl, aryl). In dilute alc. solution ROC(:NR1)C(S)OR and ROC(:NR1)C(:NR1)OR were obtained. Reaction of I with secondary amines gave ROC(S)C(S)NR1R2 (III) intermediate to II. III was substituted by primary amines to give R3NHC(S)C(S)NR1R2. On heating in base III rearranged to RSC(O)C(S)NR1R2, which reacted with primary amines to give R3NHC(O)C(S)NR1R2. Reaction of I with o-H2NC6H4XH (X = O, S) gave bibenzazolyls IV (R4 = H, Cl). With o-(H2N)2C6H4 quinoxalines V were obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxyquinoxaline (cas: 6333-43-3Electric Literature of C10H10N2O2).

2,3-Dimethoxyquinoxaline (cas: 6333-43-3) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Condensed heterocycles of quinoxalines have become attractive targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant biological activities. Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas.Electric Literature of C10H10N2O2

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Post-acne erythema treatment: A systematic review of the literature. was written by Kalantari, Yasamin;Dadkhahfar, Sahar;Etesami, Ifa. And the article was included in Journal of cosmetic dermatology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate This article mentions the following:

Post-acne erythema (PAE) is a common sequela of acne inflammation, and it refers to telangiectasia and erythematous lesions remaining after the acne treatment. Although some PAE lesions may improve over time, persisting PAE might be esthetically undesirable for patients. The efficacy of various treatment options for PAE has been investigated in many studies but there exists no gold standard treatment modality. In this study, we aimed to give a systematic literature review on various treatment options for PAE, the advantage of each modality, and compare their efficacy, safety, and feasibility. By using the selected keywords, we carried out a systematic search for articles published from the inception to 28 April 2021 in PubMed/Medline and Embase databases. Of the 5796 initially retrieved articles, 18 of them were fully eligible to be enrolled in our study. In this study, we found that light and laser-based devices were the most frequently used treatments for PAE. Generally, pulsed-dye lasers were the most commonly used laser devices for PAE. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum-garnet lasers were the second most commonly used modalities in treating PAE. Topical treatments such as oxymetazoline, tranexamic acid, and brimonidine tartrate are promising treatments in reducing PAE lesions. In our study, no severe side effects were found. In conclusion, both laser devices and topical agents seem to be effective for PAE lesions; however, further randomized clinical trials are needed in this field. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including as well as for RNA synthesis inhibition, reactive dyes and pigments, azo dyes, flurox Cylin Dyes, Corrosion Inhibitors and Photovoltaic Polymers. Quinoxalines are used in the treatment of bacterial, cancer, and HIV infections. Moreover, varenicline, a clinical drug is used for treating nicotine addiction, also contains quinoxaline moiety.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Novel Deep Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecule with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement: Theoretical Design and Experimental Validation was written by Zhang, Kai;Zhang, Xiao;Fan, Jianzhong;Song, Yuzhi;Fan, Jian;Wang, Chuan-Kui;Lin, Lili. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters in 2022.Product Details of 105598-27-4 This article mentions the following:

The luminescence properties and photophys. mechanism of a spiro-acridine based mol. DBPz-2spAc in toluene and aggregation states is theor. predicted. The solid state can effectively suppress nonradiative energy loss and thus improve luminescence efficiency. Organic LEDs based on DBPz-2spAc show high luminescence efficiency. Studies based on spiro-acridine derivatives indicate that bending the degree of acridine in excited state will directly affect the nonradiative energy loss. The understanding is improved of the luminous behavior of spiro-acridine derivative-based thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters in solution and in aggregation state, which should pave the way for the design of efficient deep red TADF materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4Product Details of 105598-27-4).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Condensed heterocycles of quinoxalines have become attractive targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant biological activities. Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics such as echinomycin, levomycin exhibiting antitumoral properties. Quinoxalines establish also the basis of anthelmintics and receptor antagonists.Product Details of 105598-27-4

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Effect of topical glaucoma medication on tear lipid layer thickness in patients with unilateral glaucoma. was written by Lee, Sang M;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kim, Sung I;Jung, Jae H;Shin, Jonghoon. And the article was included in Indian journal of ophthalmology in 2019.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate This article mentions the following:

Purpose: To compare the lipid layer thickness (LLT) using the LipiView® ocular surface interferometer (TearScience® Inc, Morrisville, NC) between the eye treated with glaucoma medication and untreated normal eye in the unilateral glaucoma patients, and evaluate the effect of topical glaucoma medication on the LLT parameters in glaucoma eyes. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional comparative study were unilateral glaucoma patients treated with topical glaucoma medications for more than 12 months. Three LLT parameters (average, minimum, and maximum) obtained by the LipiView® were compared between the glaucomatous eye and normal eye. The factors associated with LLT parameters in the eyes treated with glaucoma medication were investigated with multiple regression analysis. Results: Thirty patients with unilateral normal tension glaucoma were enrolled in the present study. Lipid layer average, minimum, and maximum were 64.83 ± 16.50, 51.63 ± 16.73, and 82.53 ± 20.62 in glaucomatous eyes, 77.26 ± 17.81, 62.83 ± 20.99, and 86.13 ± 15.42 in normal eyes. Lipid layer average and minimum were significantly thinner than those in normal eyes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Longer duration of glaucoma eye drops and a greater number of glaucoma medications were associated with the lower LLT average (β = -0.456, P < 0.001, β = -8.517, P = 0.003, respectively), and increasing glaucoma medications have a significant correlation with lower LLT minimum in glaucoma eyes (β = -8.814, P = 0.026). Conclusion: The present study highlights that patients with long-term glaucoma medications need to be assessed for LLT parameters objectively evaluate their ocular surface health. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinazoline, phthalazine and cinnoline. Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas.Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Rationalization of Benzazole-2-carboxylate versus Benzazine-3-one/Benzazine-2,3-dione Selectivity Switch during Cyclocondensation of 2-Aminothiophenols/Phenols/Anilines with 1,2-Biselectrophiles in Aqueous Medium was written by Dhameliya, Tejas M.;Chourasiya, Sumit S.;Mishra, Eshan;Jadhavar, Pradeep S.;Bharatam, Prasad V.;Chakraborti, Asit K.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Product Details of 55687-34-8 This article mentions the following:

The cyclocondensation reaction of 2-aminothiophenols with 1,2-biselectrophiles such as Et glyoxalate and di-Et oxalate in aqueous medium leads to the formation of benzothiazole-2-carboxylates via the 5-endo-trig process contrary to Baldwin’s rule. The reaction of 2-aminophenols/anilines produced the corresponding benzazine-3-ones or benzazine-2,3-diones via the 6-exo-trig process in compliance with Baldwin’s rule. The mechanistic insights of these cyclocondensation reactions using the hard-soft acid-base principle, quantum chem. calculations (d. functional theory), and orbital interaction studies rationalize the selectivity switch of benzothiazole-2-carboxylates vs. benzazine-3-ones/benzazine-2,3-diones. The presence of water facilitates these cyclocondensation reactions by lowering of the energy barrier. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Bromoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (cas: 55687-34-8Product Details of 55687-34-8).

6-Bromoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (cas: 55687-34-8) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines are important class of heterocyclic compounds, associated with wider pharmacological applications. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Product Details of 55687-34-8

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Transformation of sulfaquinoxaline by chlorine and UV light in water: kinetics and by-product identification was written by Nassar, Rania;Mokh, Samia;Rifai, Ahmad;Chamas, Fatmeh;Hoteit, Maha;Al Iskandarani, Mohamad. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2018.Reference of 5424-05-5 This article mentions the following:

Sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) is an antimicrobial of the sulfonamide class, frequently detected at low levels in drinking and surface water as organic micropollutant. The main goal of the present study is the evaluation of SQX reactivity during chlorination and UV irradiations which are two processes mainly used in water treatment plants. The SQX transformation by chlorination and UV lights (254 nm) was investigated in purified water at common conditions used for water disinfection (pH = 7.2, temperature = 25°C, [chlorine] = 3 mg L^-1). The result shows a slow degradation of SQX during photolysis compared with chlorination process. Kinetic studies that fitted a fluence-based first-order kinetic model were used to determine the kinetic constants of SQX degradation; they were equal to 0.7 × 10^-4 and 0.7 × 10^-2 s^-1corresponding to the half time lives of 162 and 1.64 min during photolysis and chlorination, resp. In the second step, seven byproducts were generated during a chlorination and photo-transformation of SQX and identified using liquid chromatog. with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). SO₂ extrusion and direct decomposition were the common degradation pathway during photolysis and chlorination. Hydroxylation and isomerization were observed during photodegradation only while electrophilic substitution was observed during chlorination process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Reference of 5424-05-5).

Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Compounds possessing quinoxaline derivatives were bestowed with a variety of significant biological properties such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer, DNA intercalation, DNA duplex stabilization, and many others. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Reference of 5424-05-5

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Sulfaquinoxaline and some related compounds was written by Weijlard, John;Tishler, Max;Erickson, A. E.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1944.Product Details of 5424-05-5 This article mentions the following:

Alloxazine (I) (10 g.) and 50 cc. concentrated NH₄OH, heated in a steel bomb at 170-5° for 5 h., give 71.3% of 2-amino-3-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid (II), m. 204°. II (2 g.) in 8 cc. PhNO₂, refluxed 10 min., give 92% of 2-aminoquinoxaline (III), m. 155-6°; I (2 g.) and 10 cc. 95% H₂SO₄, heated at 240-5° for 10 min., give 56% of III. Ac derivative of III, yellow, m. 192.5-3.5°. II (10 g.) and alc. HCl, refluxed 3 h., give 8.5 g. of the Et ester (IV), m. 165-6° (HCl salt, m. 173-5°). From 0.69 g. III in 200 cc. reagent C₅H₅N at -5° treated (after 2 min.) with 1.23 g. AcNHC₆H₄SO₂Cl (V), with alternate additions of III and V at 5-min. intervals until 20.7 g. of III and 36.9 g. of V had been added at 0°, stirred 1 h. at 0° and 4 h. at room temperature, concentrated to dryness and washed with H₂O at 0°, there resulted 91.2% of 2-N⁴-acetylsulfanilamidoquinoxaline, m. 243-4°; refluxing 6 g. with 25 cc. concentrated HCl and 50 cc. EtOH for 1 h. gives 3.85 g. of 2-sulfanilamidoquinoxaline (VI), m. 247-8°; N⁴-Bz derivative, m. 259-60°; N⁴-caproyl derivative, m. 199-200°; β-carboxypropionyl derivative, m. 234-5°. 2-N⁴-Acetylsulfanilamido-3-carbethoxyquinoxaline, m. 236-7°. Condensation of IV and V, followed by hydrolysis, gives 2-sulfanilamido-3-carboxyquinoxaline, m. 238-9°. II could not be condensed with V. Preliminary chemotherapeutic studies indicate that VII is very effective in bacterial infections and that it has the unusual property of being eliminated by animals very slowly so that effective concentrations can be maintained by administering it at comparatively infrequent intervals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Product Details of 5424-05-5).

Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinazoline, phthalazine and cinnoline. They are well-known for application in organic light emitting devices, polymers and pharmaceutical agents. The quinoxaline-containing polymers are applicable in optical devices due to their thermal stability and low band gap.Product Details of 5424-05-5

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of adjunctive NMDA receptor modulators in chronic schizophrenia was written by Singh, Surendra P.;Singh, Vidhi. And the article was included in CNS Drugs in 2011.COA of Formula: C14H15N3O This article mentions the following:

Background: Based on the glutamatergic NMDA receptor hypofunction theory of schizophrenia, NMDA receptor modulators (NMDARMs) may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of schizophrenia. Objective: This meta-anal. aimed to evaluate the potential of modulators of the NMDA receptor as adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia, using the results from published trials. Data Sources: A primary electronic search for controlled clin. trials using NMDARMs in schizophrenia was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. A secondary manual search of references from primary publications was also performed. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were the application of an established method of diagnosis, randomized case assignment, comparison of NMDARM add-on therapy with placebo, and double-blind assessment of symptoms in chronic schizophrenia using standardized rating scales. Results were based on a total sample size of 1253 cases from 29 trials that fulfilled the specified criteria. Data Extraction: Scores on rating scales or on their relevant subscales were obtained for all selected studies from published results for the min. dataset to compute the difference between post- and pre-trial scores and their pooled standard deviation for NMDARM add-on therapy and placebo groups for neg., pos. and total symptoms. Results: A neg. standardized mean difference (SMD) indicates therapeutic benefit in favor of NMDARM add-on therapy and all SMD results mentioned here are statistically significant. The overall effect size for NMDARMs as a group was small for neg. (SMD -0.27) and medium for total (SMD -0.40) symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. Subgroup anal. revealed medium effect sizes for D-serine and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for neg. (SMD -0.53 and -0.45, resp.) and total (SMD -0.40 and -0.64, resp.) symptoms, and for glycine (SMD -0.66) and sarcosine (SMD -0.41) for total symptoms. As adjuvants to non-clozapine antipsychotics, addnl. therapeutic benefits were observed for NMDARM as a group (SMD -0.14) and glycine (SMD -0.54) for pos. symptoms; D-serine (SMD -0.54), NAC (SMD -0.45) and sarcosine (SMD -0.39) for neg. symptoms; and NMDARM as a group (SMD -0.38), D-serine (SMD -0.40), glycine (SMD -1.12), NAC (SMD -0.64) and sarcosine (SMD -0.53) for total symptoms. When added to clozapine, none of the drugs demonstrated therapeutic potential, while addition of glycine (SMD +0.56) worsened pos. symptoms. Conclusions: Taking into consideration the number of trials and sample size in subgroup analyses, D-serine, NAC and sarcosine as adjuncts to non-clozapine antipsychotics have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of neg. and total symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. While glycine improves pos. and total symptoms as an adjuvant to non-clozapine antipsychotics, it worsens them when added to clozapine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Piperidin-1-yl(quinoxalin-6-yl)methanone (cas: 154235-83-3COA of Formula: C14H15N3O).

Piperidin-1-yl(quinoxalin-6-yl)methanone (cas: 154235-83-3) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Compounds possessing quinoxaline derivatives were bestowed with a variety of significant biological properties such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer, DNA intercalation, DNA duplex stabilization, and many others. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.COA of Formula: C14H15N3O

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider