New Advances in Chemical Research in 2021. In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 148231-12-3, name is 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline, introducing its new discovery. SDS of cas: 148231-12-3
Poly[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene-co-quinoxaline] (PBDTQx) copolymer; to be used as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cell; was synthesized from benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b?]dithiophene and quinoxaline via a Stille coupling reaction. BHJ polymer solar cells based on the ternary blend of PBDTQx; indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methyl-ester(PC71BM) were then fabricated and tested for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) values. From the IV curves; it was found that the open circuit voltage (Voc) and current density (Jsc) of the solar cell increased with the addition of ICBA. This was related to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of ICBA; which is suitable with those of PC71BM and PBDTQx. It was also found that PCE of the solar cell can be improved significantly by double layers coating of the active materials (PBDTQx:PC71BM:ICBA). The above effect was ascribed to changes in morphology and crystallinity of the active layer.
Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.SDS of cas: 148231-12-3, you can also check out more blogs about148231-12-3
Reference：
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2032 | ChemSpider