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RhoA, a member of the Rho GTPases, is involved in a variety of cellular functions and could be a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, few small-molecule RhoA inhibitors have been reported. Based on our previously reported lead compounds, 32 new 2-substituted quinoline (or quinoxaline) derivatives were synthesized and tested in biological assays. Six compounds showed high RhoA inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 1.17-1.84 muM. Among these, (E)-3-(3-(ethyl(quinolin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acrylic acid (26b) and (E)-3-(3-(butyl(quinolin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acrylic acid (26d) demonstrated noticeable vasorelaxation effects against phenylephrine-induced contraction in thoracic aorta artery rings, and compound 26b had good water solubility and showed significant in vivo efficacy, which was similar to that of 5-(1,4-diazepane-1-sulfonyl)isoquinoline (fasudil) in a subarachnoid hemorrhage-cardiovascular model. To the best of our knowledge, compound 26b is the first example of a small-molecule RhoA inhibitor with potent in vivo efficacy, which could serve as a good lead for designing cardiovascular agents.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
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The 13C n.m.r. spectra of a series of 5-, 6-, and 2-substituted quinoxalines have been analysed by consideration of their 1H coupled spectra.Typical values of the coupling constants are: C(2,3), 1JCH 181.9, 2JCH 11.4, C(5,8), 1JCH 162.6, 3JCH 6.5, C(6.7), 1JCH 159.4, 3JCH 9.1; C(9), 3JCH(2) = 3JCH(7) = 10.0, 3JCH(5) 5.4; C(10), 3JCH(3) = 3JCH(6) = 10.0, 3JCH(8) 5.4 Hz.The magnitudes of the coupling constants in the benzenoid ring are similar to these for the corresponding positions in naphthalene, but application of naphthalene chemical shift substitutions effects leads in some cases to the wrong peak sequence in the related quinoxalines.Within the quinoxaline series itself, however, acceptable additivity of substituent effects is found (+/- 0.8 p.p.m.), provided that the reference compounds are carefully chosen.Analysis of mixtures of quinoxalines from substituted o-phenylenediamines and alpha-oxo-aldehydes is possible by consideration of the multiplicity of the ring-junction quaternary carbon signals in the fully coupled spectra.

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A technically simple procedure for direct C?H difluoromethylation of heteroaromatic compounds using off-the-shelf difluoroacetic acid as the difluoromethylating reagent has been developed. Mono-difluoromethylation versus bis-difluoromethylation is controlled as the result of the reaction temperature. The reactions described here enable access to the late-stage C?H mono- and bis-difluoromethylation for preparation of tool compounds for chemical biology and provide access to this hitherto untapped substituent for drug discovery.

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
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Reaction of 2-chloroquinoxaline (1) with O-potassio-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone (2) in liquid NH3 affords 1-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone (3) via a thermal SRN1 mechanism and 2-tert-butylfuro<2,3-b>quinoxaline (4) via a competing ionic, addition-substitution process.When the SRN1 component of this … scheme is inhibited by di-tert-butyl nitroxide, only furoquinoxaline 4 is produced.O-Potassio-2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone (5) reacts in a similar fashion with 1 to give SRN1 products, 2-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone (6) and 2-isopropylquinoxaline (8), along with quinoxalino<3,4-b>-2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanone (7), which results from addition-substitution.Reaction of 1 with O-potassio-3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione (9) affords low yields of 2-(quinoxalin-2-yl)butanone (10) by a sluggish SRN1 pathway.Reactions of 4-chloroquinazoline (11a) and 4-chloro-2-phenylquinazoline (11b) with enolate 2 provide excellent yields of the respective 4-quinazolinyl ketones 12a,b via an apparent SNAr mechanism.

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The oxidation reaction of a series of quinoxaline derivatives, using KMnO4 in the presence or absence of NaOH, are described.Neutral oxidation of 2-chloro- and 2,3-dichlorodioxalines 2-4 afforded the corresponding chloro- and dichloropyrazinedicarboxilic acids 13 and 14 in good yield.On the other hand, oxidation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione derivatives in alkaline medium gave different products, with the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (5) forming 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (9), while various substituted quinoxalin-2,3-dione derivatives (see 9-11) gave a new type of dimeric products.The structural assignments for the new compounds were based on spectroscopic data.

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Modifications to the ETA/B mixed type compounds 1 (Ro. 46-2005) and 2 (bosentan) were performed. Introduction of a pyrimidine group into 1 resulted in a dramatic increase in affinity for the ETA receptor, and the subsequent optimization of substituents on the pyrimidine ring led us to the discovery of N-(6-(2-((5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy)ethoxy)-5-(4-methylphenyl)- 4pyrimidinyl)-4-tert-butylbenzenesulfonamide (7k), which showed an extremely high affinity for the human cloned ETA receptor (Ki=0.0042±0.0038 nM) and an ETA/B receptor selectivity up to 29 000 (Ki=130±50 nM for the human cloned ETB receptor). The compound was designed on the hypothesis that the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group in 1 and 2 played a role not as a proton donor but as an acceptor in the possible hydrogen bonding with Tyr129. Since the incorporation of a pyrimidinyl group into the hydroxyethoxy side chain of the nonselective antagonist (1) dramatically enhanced both the ETA receptor affinity and selectivity, and since similar results were obtained from the benzene analogues, we put forward the hypothesis that a “pyrimidine binding pocket” might exist in the ETA receptor.

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An efficient approach to synthesis of various substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-derived building blocks based on [3+2] cycloaddition of cyclobut-1-eneraboxylic acid ester and in situ generated azomethine ylide was developed and applied on multigram scale. The utility of 1,3-disubstituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold was demonstrated by additional structural analysis using exit vector plot (EVP) tool, and tested in parallel synthesis of compound library.

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The quinoxaline scaffold is a promising platform for the discovery of active chemotherapeutic agents. Three series of quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated against three tumor cell lines (HCT116 human colon carcinoma, HepG2, liver hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF-7, human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), in addition to VEGFR-2 enzyme inhibition activity. Compounds VIId, VIIIa, VIIIc, VIIIe and XVa exhibited promising activity against the tested cell lines and weak activity against VEGFR-2. Compound VIIIc induced a significant disruption in the cell cycle profile and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase boundary. In further assays, the cytotoxic effect of the highly active compounds was determined using a normal Caucasian fibroblast-like fetal lung cell line (WI-38). Compound VIIIc could be considered as a lead compound that merits further optimization and development as an anti-cancer and an apoptotic inducing candidate against the HCT116 cell line.

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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R2?, L, Het, p and p? are as defined herein, compositions containing them, and their use as medicinal products.

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The invention discloses a quinoxaline-containing 1, 4 – pentadiene – 3 – ketone derivatives, preparation method and application, the general formula (I) are as follows: Wherein R1 Is phenyl, substituted phenyl or substituted aryl heterocyclyl; R is in the quinoxaline structure 5, 6, 7 or 8 position containing more than one hydrogen atom, methoxy, nitro, methyl, trifluoromethyl or halogen atom. The compounds of the invention to liver cancer SMMC – 7721 cell has excellent inhibitory activity, and exhibits a high anti-tumor activity, can be used as potential anti-tumor pharmaceutical use. (by machine translation)

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Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
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