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Preparation and Reactions of 2-Alkynyl-3-chloroquinoxalines.

2-Alkynyl-3-chloroquinoxalines are prepared from 2,3-dichloroqionoxaline and alk-1-ynes: use of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol, and the removal of acetone with base, yields 2-chloro-3-ethynylqionoxaline.The chloroalkynes are readily converted into pyrrolo- and thieno<2,3-b>qionoxalines. 2-Chloro-3-phenylethynylquinoxaline with potassium hydroxide gives 2-phenylfurano<2,3-b>quinoxaline but other furano-compounds could not be prepared. 2-Chloro-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-ynyl)quinoxaline with ethanolic sodium ethoxide yields 2H-2,2-dimethyl-3-ethoxypyrano<2,3-b>quinoxaline.When 2-ethynyl- or 2-chloro-3-ethynylqionoxaline is heated with morpholine and sulphur, 2-morpholinothieno<2,3-b>quinoxaline is obtained.The structures of these compounds are established by spectroscopic methods.

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Ever since the idea arose that melatonin might promote sleep and resynchronize circadian rhythms, many research groups have centered their efforts on obtaining new melatonin receptor ligands whose pharmacophores include an aliphatic chain of variable length united to an N-alkylamide and a methoxy group (or a bioisostere), linked to a central ring. Substitution of the indole ring found in melatonin with a naphthalene or quinoline ring leads to compounds of similar affinity. The next step in this structural approximation is to introduce a quinoxaline ring (a bioisostere of the quinoline and naphthalene rings) as the central nucleus of future melatoninergic ligands.

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Piperidine, cyclohexylamine, methoxide ion and para-thiocresolate ion react with 2-chloro-3-nitroquinoxaline 1 by selectively substituting the nitro group, in contrast to be behavior of most ortho-chloronitroaromatics which loose halide when subjected to nucleophilic substitution reactions.This inversion is interpreted as being due to the lack of activation of the 2-position by the nitro group in the 3-position because of the low value of the ?-bond index between these two vertices.It is also suggested that the substitution by neutral reagents such as amines is strongly influenced by stabilizing interactions between the negatively charged nitro group and the ammonium moiety in the ? complex; this built-in solvation may be responsible for inversions in the chemoselectivity between chloro and nitro nucleofugicities.

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TRIAZOLOPYRAZINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

The present invention is directed to triazolopyrazine compounds of Formula (I). Separate aspects of the invention are directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and uses of the compounds as therapeutic agents treating neurological and psychiatric disorders

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Quinoxalinones

The invention features quinoxalinones, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of using them to treat, for example, diabetes.

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Design, synthesis, and preliminary in vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of 4-{4-[2-(4-(2-substitutedquinoxalin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl] phenyl}thiazoles as atypical antipsychotic agents

A series of 4-{4-[2-(4-(2-substitutedquinoxalin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl] phenyl} thiazoles were synthesized in an effort to prepare novel atypical antipsychotic agents. The compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized by spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, and MS) and the purity was ascertained by microanalysis. The D2 and 5-HT2A affinity of the synthesized compounds was screened in vitro by radioligand displacement assays on membrane homogenates isolated from rat striatum and rat cortex, respectively. Furthermore, all the synthesized final compounds (10a-g; 11a-g; 12a-g) were screened for their in vivo pharmacological activity in Swiss albino mice. D2 antagonism studies were performed using climbing mouse assay model and 5-HT2A antagonism studies were performed using quipazine-induced head twitches in mice. It was observed that none of the new chemical entities exhibited catalepsy and 12d, 11f, and 10a were found to be the most active compounds with 5-HT2A/D2 ratio of 1.23077, 1.14286, and 1.12857, respectively, while the standard drug risperidone exhibited 5-HT2A/D2 ratio of 1.0989. Among the twenty one new chemical entities, three compounds (12d, 11f, and 10a) were found to exhibit better atypical antipsychotic activity as they were found to have higher Meltzer index than the standard drug risperidone.

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Efficient synthesis of 2-phenyl-3-substituted furo/thieno[2,3-: B] quinoxalines via Sonogashira coupling reaction followed by iodocyclization and subsequent palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

In this paper, we report the successful synthesis of new 2-phenyl-3-substituted furo/thieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives from 2-chloro-3-methoxyquinoxaline and 2-chloro-3-(methylthio)quinoxaline by a three-step approach. The Sonogashira coupling reaction of the title compounds with terminal alkynes afforded 2-methoxy-3-(phenylethynyl)quinoxaline and 2-(methylthio)-3-(phenylethynyl)quinoxaline in good to excellent yields. The iodocyclization of the resulting compounds using ICl in CH2Cl2 afforded 3-iodo-2-phenylfuro[2,3-b]quinoxaline and 3-iodo-2-phenylthieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline. The subsequent palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira, Suzuki, and Heck reactions of the resulting iodo compounds led to the formation of 2,3-disubstituded furo/thieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline in high yields. All compounds were fully characterized by FT-IR, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. The synthesized quinoxaline derivatives were also screened against the two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus.

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Novel multi-component synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines through palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction/hetero-annulation in water

1,4-Disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines were prepared through the one-pot multi-component reactions of 3-substituted-2-chloroquinoxalines, propargyl alcohol, and secondary amines, catalyzed by Pd/Cu, in the presence of K2CO3and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water. This process provided a facile, eco-friendly, and highly efficient method for the synthesis of new pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines in water with good yields.

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Development of an unexpected reaction pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trisubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines through palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions

1,2,4-trisubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines are synthesized through the multi-component reaction of 3-substituted 2-chloroquinoxalines, propargyl bromide, and excess secondary amines in the presence of a palladium copper catalytic system. This one-pot process provides an unexpected synthesis of new trisubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines by the introduction of two amine substituents onto the fused pyrrole rings in a single reaction procedure. The compounds formed are fully characterized by the analytical spectral data and X-ray analysis. A number of synthesized pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives are also screened against the three bacterial strains Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginos, and Bacillus subtilis. According to the results obtained, compounds 3b, 3c, and 3e are active against M.?luteus, compounds 3b and 3e are active against Ps. Aeruginos, and only compound 3f is active against all the three bacterial strains.

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Facile ring opening of 2-aryl[1,3,4]oxadiazino[5,6-b]quinoxalines with sodium alkoxides

Reactions of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline 1 with various acid hydrazides 2 in acetonitrile under PTC conditions give the corresponding oxadiazinoquinoxalines 3, which on reaction with sodium alkoxides in alcohol yielded the respective ring opened products i.e. 2-acylhydrazino-3-alkoxyquioxalines 4. The compound 4 has been also synthesised from 2-acylhydrazino-3-chloroquinoxaline 5, which is obtained by the reaction of 1 with 2 in DMF at room temperature.

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