Heterocyclic Building Blocks-quinoxaline

Fusion of Multi-Resonance Fragment with Conventional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Nearly BT.2020 Green Emission was written by Zhang, Yuewei;Li, Guomeng;Wang, Lu;Huang, Tianyu;Wei, Jinbei;Meng, Guoyun;Wang, Xiang;Zeng, Xuan;Zhang, Dongdong;Duan, Lian. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Safety of Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile This article mentions the following:

Herein, we report a general strategy for achieving ultra-pure green emissions by suppressing the shoulder peaks in the emission spectra of conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Through precise synthetic fusion of multi-resonance (MR) fragments with conventional PAH, extended π-conjugation lengths, increased mol. rigidity, and reduced vibrational frequency could be simultaneously realized. The proof-of-concept emitters exhibited ultra-pure green emissions with dominant peaks at ca. 521 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields that are greater than 99%, a small full-width-at-half-maximum of 23 nm, and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.77). The bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a record-high CIEy value of 0.74 and a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.5%. The top-emitting OLED not only achieved a BT.2020 green color (CIE: 0.17, 0.78) for the first time but also showed superior performance among all green OLED devices, with a current efficiency of 220 cd A-. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4Safety of Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. The parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, results when glyoxal is condensed with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Substituted derivatives arise when α-ketonic acids, α-chlorketones, α-aldehyde alcohols and α-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones.Safety of Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

In situ-formed tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes for improved coordination-activated n-doping was written by Liu, Ziyang;Li, Xiao;Lu, Yang;Zhang, Chen;Zhang, Yuewei;Huang, Tianyu;Zhang, Dongdong;Duan, Lian. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Category: quinoxaline This article mentions the following:

In situ coordination-activated n-doping by air-stable metals in electron-transport organic ligands has proven to be a viable method to achieve Ohmic electron injection for organic optoelectronics. However, the mutual exclusion of ligands with high nucleophilic quality and strong electron affinity limits the injection efficiency. Here, we propose meta-linkage diphenanthroline-type ligands, which not only possess high electron affinity and good electron transport ability but also favor the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated double-helical metal complexes to decrease the ionization energy of air-stable metals. An electron injection layer (EIL) compatible with various cathodes and electron transport materials is developed with silver as an n-dopant, and the injection efficiency outperforms conventional EILs such as lithium compounds A deep-blue organic light-emitting diode with an optimized EIL achieves a high current efficiency calibrated by the y color coordinate (0.045) of 237 cd A-1 and a superb LT95 of 104.1 h at 5000 cd m-2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4Category: quinoxaline).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. They are well-known for application in organic light emitting devices, polymers and pharmaceutical agents. The quinoxaline-containing polymers are applicable in optical devices due to their thermal stability and low band gap.Category: quinoxaline

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Quinoxalines. XXV. Synthesis and chemical properties of 2-nitroquinoxaline was written by Iijima, Chihoko. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1989.Quality Control of Quinoxalin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

2-Nitroquinoxaline (I) was synthesized and the chem. properties were investigated. The reaction of 2-iodoquinoxaline with AgNO₂ in the presence of Bu₄NF gave 44% I. I is quite reactive toward various nucleophiles and the ipso-substitution reaction of I with O-nucleophiles (OH^–, CH₃O^–, C₂H₅O^–, C₈H₅O^–), S-nucleophiles (CH₃S^–, C₆H₅S^–, p-CH₃C₆H₅SO₂^–), N-nucleophiles (hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, aniline), and C-nucleophiles (CN^–, di-Et malonate, malonodinitrile, benzyl cyanide, Et cyanoacetate, nitroethane, acetophenone) readily afforded the corresponding 2-substituted quinoxalines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Quality Control of Quinoxalin-2-amine).

Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Compounds possessing quinoxaline derivatives were bestowed with a variety of significant biological properties such as antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer, DNA intercalation, DNA duplex stabilization, and many others. Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics such as echinomycin, levomycin exhibiting antitumoral properties. Quinoxalines establish also the basis of anthelmintics and receptor antagonists.Quality Control of Quinoxalin-2-amine

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Aryl acyl peroxides for visible-light induced decarboxylative arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under additive-, metal catalyst-, and external photosensitizer-free and ambient conditions was written by Xie, Long-Yong;Peng, Sha;Yang, Li-Hua;Peng, Cun;Lin, Ying-Wu;Yu, Xianyong;Cao, Zhong;Peng, Yu-Yu;He, Wei-Min. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2-Quinoxalinol This article mentions the following:

Aryl radicals were generated for the first time from cheap and easily available aryl acyl peroxides in eco-friendly Et acetate under ambient conditions and visible-light illumination in the absence of any additive, metal catalyst, or external photosensitizer. The present arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was chemo- and regioselective, and provided good access to various 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2Quality Control of 2-Quinoxalinol).

2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines have received a significant amount of attention due to their potential use in fighting various pathophysiological conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Quinoxaline and its analogues may also be formed by reduction of amino acids substituted 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB),One study used 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as a catalyst in the reaction of benzil with 1,2-diaminobenzene.Quality Control of 2-Quinoxalinol

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Direct benzylation reactions from benzyl halides enabled by transition-metal-free photocatalysis was written by Xiang, Panjie;Sun, Kai;Wang, Shuang;Chen, Xiaolan;Qu, Lingbo;Yu, Bing. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.Product Details of 1196-57-2 This article mentions the following:

An SN²-based photochem. strategy using dithiocarbamate anion as catalyst was developed for the activation of benzyl halides, which are extremely challenging to be applied as radical precursors in visible light photocatalysis. With this transition-metal-free and oxidant-free protocol, the benzylation (or cyanomethylation) of various heterocycles including quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, coumarin, 2-phenyl-2H-indazole, 1-methyl-5-phenylpyrazin-2(1H)-one, 1-(fluoromethyl)cinnolin-4(1H)-one, and 2,4-dibenzyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione could be realized (46 examples, up to 98% yield). Importantly, some biol. relevant 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were also be synthesized under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2Product Details of 1196-57-2).

2-Quinoxalinol (cas: 1196-57-2) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including antibacterial, antibiotic and antineoplastic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. The antitumoral properties of quinoxaline compounds have been of interest. Recently, quinoxaline and its analogs have been investigated as the catalyst’s ligands.Product Details of 1196-57-2

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Changes in Ocular Biometric Parameters Over a 24-Hour Period in Ocular Hypertensive Patients was written by Fan, Shan;Gulati, Vikas;Neely, Donna G.;Andersen, Austin;Toris, Carol B.. And the article was included in Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 70359-46-5 This article mentions the following:

Purpose: To identify 24-h changes in ocular biometric parameters in subjects with ocular hypertension (OHT), and to determine if an intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drug alters these parameters. Methods: Thirty volunteers with OHT (58.6 ± 9.2 years of age) were enrolled in this randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants self-administered 0.2% brimonidine or placebo 3 times daily for 6 wk. Measurements of seated and supine IOP, central cornea thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AXL), and lens thickness were made at 8 am, 3 pm, 8 pm, and 3 am. Statistical tests were Student′s 2-tailed paired t-tests or 2-way anal. of variance (ANOVA) followed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc testing. Results: Time of day had a significant effect on IOP, CCT, ACD, and AXL. In placebo-treated eyes, CCT was greater at 3 am than at any other time (P < 0.01), ACD and AXL were greater at 3 am and 8 pm than at 3 pm (P < 0.01). Daytime IOPs were higher than nighttime (seated, P = 0.007; supine, P = 0.018), and supine IOP at night was higher than seated IOP during the day (P < 0.001). Brimonidine did not lower IOP at night nor did it alter the 24-h patterns of CCT, ACD, and AXL. Conclusions: Ocular biometric parameters exhibit characteristic 24-h fluctuations in patients with OHT. At night compared with day, the supine IOP increases, the cornea thickens, the anterior chamber deepens, and the AXL increases. Brimonidine does not alter these parameters at times when it lowers IOP (day) nor when it does not (night). Clin. Trial Registration number: NCT0132419. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5HPLC of Formula: 70359-46-5).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinazoline, phthalazine and cinnoline. The antitumoral properties of quinoxaline compounds have been of interest. Recently, quinoxaline and its analogs have been investigated as the catalyst’s ligands.HPLC of Formula: 70359-46-5

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Scaffold Hopping from Amodiaquine to Novel Nurr1 Agonist Chemotypes via Microscale Analogue Libraries was written by Willems, Sabine;Mueller, Marcel;Ohrndorf, Julia;Heering, Jan;Proschak, Ewgenij;Merk, Daniel. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2022.Safety of Quinoxalin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Several lines of evidence suggest the ligand-sensing transcription factor Nurr1 as a promising target to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nurr1 modulators to validate and exploit this therapeutic potential are rare, however. To identify novel Nurr1 agonist chemotypes, we have employed the Nurr1 activator amodiaquine as template for microscale analog library synthesis. The first set of analogs was based on the 7-chloroquiolin-4-amine core fragment of amodiaquine and revealed superior N-substituents compared to diethylaminomethylphenol contained in the template. A second library of analogs was subsequently prepared to replace the chloroquinolineamine scaffold. The two sets of analogs enabled a full scaffold hop from amodiaquine to a novel Nurr1 agonist sharing no structural features with the lead but comprising superior potency on Nurr1. Addnl., pharmacophore modeling based on the entire set of active and inactive analogs suggested key features for Nurr1 agonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5Safety of Quinoxalin-2-amine).

Quinoxalin-2-amine (cas: 5424-05-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Condensed heterocycles of quinoxalines have become attractive targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant biological activities. Quinoxaline and its analogues may also be formed by reduction of amino acids substituted 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB),One study used 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as a catalyst in the reaction of benzil with 1,2-diaminobenzene.Safety of Quinoxalin-2-amine

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Color-Tunable All-Fluorescent White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a High External Quantum Efficiency Over 30% and Extended Device Lifetime was written by Zhang, Chen;Zhang, Dongdong;Bin, Zhengyang;Liu, Ziyang;Zhang, Yuewei;Lee, Hyuna;Kwon, Jang Hyuk;Duan, Lian. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2022.Electric Literature of C18N12 This article mentions the following:

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with high efficiencies and tunable colors attracts considerable interest from the industry and academia. Thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) emitters can revolutionize such WOLED devices; however, they still suffer from poor performances. In this study, an advanced double-emissive-layer device architecture capable of hole-trapping TADF-sensitized emissions is proposed to not only achieve a recombination zone shift for the tunable colors but also accelerate exciton emission dynamics for high efficiency and alleviated roll-off. The proof-of-concept WOLEDs exhibit significant shifts in their Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and correlated color temperatures from (0.40, 0.47) and 4088 K at 100 cd m-2 to (0.27, 0.33) and 9269 K at 5000 cd m^-2. Addnl., the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaches 30.7% and remains >25% over a wide luminance range of 500-5000 cd m^-2, along with an extended LT80 of over 20 000 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m^-2. This is the first time that all-fluorescent WOLEDs have been used to realize an EQE exceeding 30%, thereby establishing a new benchmark in this field. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4Electric Literature of C18N12).

Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (cas: 105598-27-4) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including as well as for RNA synthesis inhibition, reactive dyes and pigments, azo dyes, flurox Cylin Dyes, Corrosion Inhibitors and Photovoltaic Polymers. The parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, results when glyoxal is condensed with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Substituted derivatives arise when α-ketonic acids, α-chlorketones, α-aldehyde alcohols and α-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones.Electric Literature of C18N12

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivatives as potential A2B receptor antagonists was written by Ezzat, Hany G.;Bayoumi, Ashraf H.;Sherbiny, Farag F.;El-Morsy, Ahmed M.;Ghiaty, Adel;Alswah, Mohamed;Abulkhair, Hamada S.. And the article was included in Molecular Diversity in 2021.Category: quinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Many shreds of evidence have recently correlated A2B receptor antagonism with anticancer activity. Hence, the search for an efficient A2B antagonist may help in the development of a new chemotherapeutic agent. In this article, 23 new derivatives of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline were designed and synthesized and its structures were confirmed by different spectral data and elemental analyses. The results of cytotoxic evaluation of these compounds showed six promising active derivatives with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.9 to 6.4μM on MDA-MB 231 cell line. Addnl., mol. docking for all synthesized compounds was performed to predict their binding affinity toward the homol. model of A2B receptor as a proposed mode of their cytotoxic activity. Results of mol. docking were strongly correlated with those of the cytotoxic study. Finally, structure activity relationship analyses of the new compounds were explored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline (cas: 2213-63-0Category: quinoxaline).

2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline (cas: 2213-63-0) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including antibacterial, antibiotic and antineoplastic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. The parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, results when glyoxal is condensed with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Substituted derivatives arise when α-ketonic acids, α-chlorketones, α-aldehyde alcohols and α-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones.Category: quinoxaline

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Drug Delivery Platforms for Ocular Therapeutics was written by Gandara-Loe, Jesus;Ortuno-Lizaran, Isabel;Fernandez-Sanchez, Laura;Alio, Jorge L.;Cuenca, Nicolas;Vega-Estrada, Alfredo;Silvestre-Albero, Joaquin. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2019.Recommanded Product: 70359-46-5 This article mentions the following:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been evaluated as potential nanocarriers for intraocular incorporation of brimonidine tartrate to treat chronic glaucoma. Exptl. results show that UiO-67 and MIL-100 (Fe) exhibit the highest loading capacity with values up to 50-60 weight %, whereas the performance is quite limited for MOFs with narrow cavities (below 0.8 nm, for example, UiO-66 and HKUST-1). The large loading capacity in UiO-67 is accompanied by an irreversible structural amorphization in aqueous and physiol. media that promotes extended release kinetics above 12 days. Compared to the traditional drawbacks associated with the sudden release of the com. drugs (e.g., ALPHAGAN), these results anticipate UiO-67 as a potential nanocarrier for drug delivery in intraocular therapeutics. These promising results are further supported by cytotoxicity tests using retinal photoreceptor cells (661W). Toxicity of these structures (including the metal nodes and organic ligands) for retinal cells is rather low for all samples evaluated, except for HKUST-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5Recommanded Product: 70359-46-5).

5-Bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (cas: 70359-46-5) belongs to quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxaline derivatives are important constituents of pharmacologically active compounds, including antibacterial, antibiotic and antineoplastic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.Recommanded Product: 70359-46-5

Referemce:
Quinoxaline – Wikipedia,
Quinoxaline | C8H6N2 | ChemSpider