Heterocyclic Building Blocks-quinoxaline

2213-63-0, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.2213-63-0, Name is 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline, molecular formula is C8H4Cl2N2. In a Article, authors is Soliman£¬once mentioned of 2213-63-0

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel quinoxalines

2-Hydrazino-3-chloroquinoxaline 2 was prepared and reacted with active methylene compounds, potassium thiocyanate, carbon disulfide, phenylisothiocyanate, acetic acid, ethyl chloroformate, triethyl orthoformate, and Lawessen’s reagent (LR) to give a new class of fused quinoxalines 4-16, respectively. Also, 2,3-dihydrazinoquinoxaline 3 was prepared and reacted with carbon disulfide, phenyl isothiocyanate, and triethyl orthoformate to give the corresponding di[1,2,4] triazolo-[4,3-a:3?,4?-c]-quinoxalines 17-19, respectively. Reaction of 3 with LR gave the corresponding di[1,2,4,3] triazophospholo[4,5-a:5?,4?-c]quinoxaline-1,6-dithione (20). It was found that all synthesized compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity and that compound 20 had a broad spectrum of activity. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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2379-56-8, In an article, published in an article,authors is Cai, Sui Xiong, once mentioned the application of 2379-56-8, Name is 6-Nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione,molecular formula is C8H3N3O4, is a conventional compound. this article was the specific content is as follows.

5-(N-oxyaza)-7-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones: Novel, systemically active and broad spectrum antagonists for NMDA/glycine, AMPA, and kainate receptors

A group of 5-aza-7-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones (QXs) and the corresponding 5-(N. oxyaza)-7-substituted QXs were prepared and evaluated as antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The in vitro potency of these QXs was determined by inhibition of [3H]-5,7- dichlorokynurenic acid ([3H]DCKA) binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/glycine receptors, [3H]-(S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid ([3H]AMPA) binding to AMPA receptors, and [3H]kainate ([3H]KA) binding to KA receptors in rat brain membranes. 5-(N- Oxyaza)-QXs 12a-e all have low micromolar or submicromolar potency for NMDA/glycine receptors and low micromolar potencies for AMPA and KA receptors. QXs 12a-e display 2-12-fold selectivity for NMDA/glycine receptors compared to AMPA receptors, and ~2-fold difference between AMPA and KA potency. In contrast to other QXs that either show high selectivity for NMDA (such as ACEA 1021) or AMPA (such as NBQX) receptors, these molecules are broad spectrum antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors. 7-Nitro-5-(N- axyaza)-QX (12e) is the most potent inhibitor among 12a-e, having IC50 values of 0.69, 1.3, and 2.4 muM at NMDA, AMPA, and KA receptors, respectively. In functional assays on glutamate receptors expressed in oocytes by rat cerebral cortex poly(A+) RNA, 7-chloro-5-(N-oxyaza)-QX (12a) and 7-nitro-5(N-oxyaza)-QX (12e) have K(b) values of 0.63 and 0.31 muM for NMDA/glycine receptors, and are 6- and 4-fold selective for NMDA over AMPA receptors, respectively. 5-(N-Oxyaza)-7-substituted-QXs 12a-e all have surprisingly high in vivo potency as anticonvulsants in a mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES) model. 7-Chloro-5-(N-oxyaza)-QX (12a), 7- bromo-5-(N-oxyaza)-QX (12b), and 7-methyl-5-(N-oxyaza)-QX (12c) have ED50 values of 0.82, 0.87, and 0.97 mg/kg iv, respectively. The high in vivo potency of QXs 12a-e is particularly surprising given their low log P values (~ -2.7). Separate studies indicate that QXs 12a and 12e are also active in vive as neuroprotectants and also have antinociceptive activity in animal pain models. In terms of in vivo activity, these 5-(N-oxyaza)-7-substituted- QXs are among the most potent broad spectrum ionotropic glutamate antagonists reported.

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2213-63-0, Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In a patent, 2213-63-0, molecular formula is C8H4Cl2N2, introducing its new discovery.

Novel [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]Quinoxaline Derivative, Method For Preparing Same, And Pharmaceutical Composition For Preventing Or Treating BET Protein-Related Diseases, Containing Same As Active Ingredient

Provided are a novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivative, a method for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) protein-related diseases including cancer and autoimmune diseases, containing the same as an active ingredient.

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15804-19-0, In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 15804-19-0, name is Quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 15804-19-0

Antagonist pharmacology of kainate- and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid-preferring receptors

Whole-cell recordings were used to study the antagonist pharmacology of two subtypes of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors: the kainate- preferring subtype expressed by rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-preferring subtype expressed by neurons from rat cerebral cortex. A series of quinoxaline derivatives were tested for the ability to distinguish between AMPA and kainate receptors, as determined by differential potency. Of the nine compounds studied, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX) showed the highest selectivity for AMPA-preferring receptors, whereas 5-chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-2,3-quinoxalinedione (ACEA-1011) showed the highest selectivity for the kainate-preferring subtype. NBQX blocked non-N- methyl-D-aspartate currents in cortical cells with a K(b) of 0.3 muM, but in DRG neurons the K(b) for NBQX was 3-fold higher (0.9 muM). ACEA-1011 also blocked the currents in DRG cells with a K(b) of ~1 muM, but in cortical neurons the K(b) for this drug was 10-12 muM. Several additional compounds were tested for selective potency, including 5-nitro-6,7,8,9- tetrahydrobenzo[G]indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime, gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid, and derivatives of kynurenic acid and 1-benzazepine. 5-Nitro-6,7,8,9- tetrahydrobenzo[G]indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime displayed the highest selectivity in this group, blocking kainate receptors with a K(b) of 6 muM while inhibiting AMPA receptors with a K(b) of >100 muM. The remaining antagonists showed <3-fold selectivity between AMPA and kainate receptor subtypes. Our results suggest that most competitive antagonists block native AMPA and kainate receptors with approximately similar potencies, which is in marked contrast to the substantial differences in potency that have been observed with receptor agonists. The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 15804-19-0 is helpful to your research. 15804-19-0

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Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. 17056-99-4. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 17056-99-4, Name is Quinoxalin-5-ol. In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery.

Graphite-Conjugated Acids Reveal a Molecular Framework for Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer at Electrode Surfaces

Proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) steps play a key role in energy conversion reactions. Molecular PCET reactions are well-described by “square schemes” in which the overall thermochemistry of the reaction is broken into its constituent proton-transfer and electron-transfer components. Although this description has been essential for understanding molecular PCET, no such framework exists for PCET reactions that take place at electrode surfaces. Herein, we develop a molecular square scheme framework for interfacial PCET by investigating the electrochemistry of molecularly well-defined acid/base sites conjugated to graphitic electrodes. Using cyclic voltammetry, we first demonstrate that, irrespective of the redox properties of the corresponding molecular analogue, proton transfer to graphite-conjugated acid/base sites is coupled to electron transfer. We then show that the thermochemistry of surface PCET events can be described by the pKa of the molecular analogue and the potential of zero free charge (zero-field reduction potential) of the electrode. This work provides a general framework for analyzing and predicting the thermochemistry of interfacial PCET reactions.

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Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. 59564-59-9. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 59564-59-9, Name is 3,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. In a document type is Article, introducing its new discovery.

Piperazine imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline ureas as high-affinity GABA(A) ligands of dual functionality

A series of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline piperazine ureas appended with a tert-butyl ester side chain at the 3-position was developed. Analogues within this series have high affinity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A))/benzodiazepine receptor complex with efficacies ranging from inverse agonists to full agonists. Many analogues were found to be partial agonists as indicated by [35S]TBPS and Cl- current ratios. Uniquely, a number of these analogues were found to have a bell-shaped dose-response profile in the alpha1beta2gamma2 subtype as determined by whole cell patch-clamp technique, where in vitro efficacy was found to decrease with increasing drug concentration. Many of the compounds from this series were effective in antagonizing metrazole-induced seizures, consistent with anticonvulsant and possibly anxiolytic activity. Additionally, several analogues were also effective in lowering cGMP levels (to control values) after applied stress, also consistent with anxiolytic-like properties. The most effective compounds in these screens were also active in animal models of anxiety such as the Vogel and Geller assays. The use of the piperazine substituent allowed for excellent drug levels and a long duration of action in the central nervous system for many of the quinoxalines, as determined by ex vivo assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis of several compounds indicated excellent oral bioavailability and a reasonable half-life in rats. From this series emerged two partial agonists (55, 91) which had good activity in anxiolytic models, acceptable pharmacokinetics, and minimal benzodiazepine-type side effects.

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In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 148231-12-3, name is 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline, introducing its new discovery. 148231-12-3

NOVEL HETEROARYL HETEROCYCLYL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), ab (I), wherein R1 to R3 and L are as described herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

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In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. 2213-63-0, At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 2213-63-0, name is 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 2213-63-0

Concentration profiles of chlorine radicals and their significances in ?OH-induced dye degradation: Kinetic modeling and reaction pathways

In order to further understand the mechanism details during saline wastewater treatment by ?OH-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the degradation efficiency of an azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in UV/H2O2 process was investigated as a function of a wide range of salinity and pH. Kinetic modeling results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of Cl- on AO7 degradation observed in the laboratory experiments could be attributed to both scavenging effect of Cl- on ?OH and the much lower reactivity of chlorine radicals formed, although the chlorine radicals may be more abundant than ?OH. Such retardation behavior was favored under acidic conditions due to a lower yield of ?OH generated by the dissociation of ClOH?- to ?OH and Cl-. Traces of Br- had a greater inhibitory effect on AO7 bleaching rate than Cl-. AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon) was found to increase with the increasing content of Cl-. Based on the intermediate products and especially several toxic halogenated byproducts identified by GC-MS, the possible degradation pathways of saline dyeing wastewater were proposed.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 2213-63-0 is helpful to your research. 2213-63-0

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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, the author is Galal, Shadia A. and a compound is mentioned, 15804-19-0, Quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione, introducing its new discovery. 15804-19-0

Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)- ones as anti-tumor active agents with inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor and studying their cyclooxygenase-2 activity

On continuation to our work, new quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized to study their cytotoxic effect against HepG-2 and MCF-7 with their effect on the human tyrosine kinase (TRK). Compounds 12, 18, 15, 13, 11a, 20 and 16, respectively, were found to be more potent than cisplatin against HepG2 and selective to TRK. Also, compounds 12, 18, 20, 13, 14, and 22, respectively, exhibited decidedly activity against MCF-7 and selectivity against human TRK compared to cisplatin. A molecular docking study was also performed to gain comprehensive understanding into plausible binding modes and to conclude the structure activity relationships of the synthesized compounds. Moreover, anti-inflammatory activity was studied. Compounds 12, 15, 18 and 22 were found to be potent and selective against COX-2.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.2213-63-0, Name is 2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline, molecular formula is C8H4Cl2N2, 2213-63-0. In a Article, authors is Staderini, Matteo£¬once mentioned of 2213-63-0

Lewis acid-catalyzed generation of C-C and C-N bonds on pi-deficient heterocyclic substrates

Focused microwave irradiation of a series of halogenated nitrogen heterocycles and different kinds of nucleophiles in the presence of a catalytic amount of indium trichloride leads to the efficient and completely regioselective generation of aromatic C-C and C-N bonds. The method is simple, rapid, general and inexpensive, and can be performed without the use of dried solvents. Most of the synthetized compounds are new and in many cases the work-up required only filtration. Furthermore, this is the first example of the use of a Lewis acid as a catalyst for heteroarylation, vinylation and amination reactions on pi-deficient heterocyclic substrates.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.2213-63-0. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 2213-63-0

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